The invention provides a composite material bonding force on-line fast detection device and method combining the laser shock wave and the Lamb wave. The device comprises an excitation ultrasonic sensor, a receiving ultrasonic sensor, a laser, a light guide device, a sensor excitation receiving device and a computer. The excitation ultrasonic sensor and the receiving ultrasonic sensor are connectedwith the sensor excitation receiving device through wires; the light guide device is connected with the laser; and the excitation ultrasonic sensor and the receiving ultrasonic sensor are symmetrically arranged at the two sides of the laser respectively, and the three components are located at the same side of a composite material board. In the selection of acoustic wave, the Lamb wave with higher sensitivity to "stratification" is used to scan the "stratification"; and in signal acquisition, an active excitation mode is adopted, thereby greatly improving the purity of detection signals and extracting more "stratification" characteristic information. The device and method can effectively solve the problems of large signal interference and difficult identification of defects in the laser shock wave composite material bonding force detection process.