The invention provides a rapid self-locking type nut structure and an assembly and application method thereof, and belongs to the field of machine parts. The rapid self-locking type nut structure andthe assembly and application method thereof solve the problems that an existing nut is troublesome to assemble and disassemble and poor in anti-loose effect. The rapid self-locking type nut structurecomprises a nut sleeve, also comprises a sleeve-shaped locking sleeve, and further comprises a plurality of arc-shaped main nut sheets and auxiliary nut sheets, wherein the sleeve-shaped locking sleeve sleeves an outer locking groove in a matched mode, and the main nut sheets and the auxiliary nut sheets are located in the inner locking groove; the outer wall of the nut sleeve is in a regular hexagon shape; the inner wall of the nut sleeve is in a circular sleeve shape; the outer locking groove is formed in the outer wall, close to the top end, of the nut sleeve; the sleeve-shaped inner locking groove is coaxially formed in the middle of the inner wall of the nut sleeve; the outer wall of the locking sleeve is in a regular hexagon shape which is the same as that of the outer wall of the nut sleeve; inner threads are arranged on the inner arc surfaces of the main nut sheets and the auxiliary nut sheets; a main displacement mechanism is arranged between each main nut sheet and the locking sleeve; and an auxiliary displacement mechanism is arranged between each auxiliary nut sheet and the locking sleeve. The nut structure can be quickly disassembled and assembled, and meanwhile, the anti-loose effect is better.