The invention relates to a real-time water surface data monitoring method. The method comprises the step of: using a real-time water surface data monitoring system, the characteristics of distributiondensity of organic matters in a water body can be reflected based on the number of bubbles in per unit area on the water surface, and a pollution control request signal trigger mechanism based on thenumber of bubbles on the water surface is established to achieve real-time monitoring of the pollution degree of the water surface.