The invention discloses a distribution network operation optimization method considering the agricultural electric drainage and irrigation load, which comprises the following steps: S1, calculating the electric drainage and irrigation load after optimization under the time-sharing electricity price; S2, establishing a distribution network operation optimization model considering the electric drainage and irrigation load; and S3, connecting the electric drainage and irrigation load after optimization into a distribution network, and using a particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the distribution network operation optimization model considering the electric drainage and irrigation load. The optimal operation load of electric drainage and irrigation under the influence of time-sharingelectricity price is calculated by using a Markov decision-making model according to the power consumption characteristics of electric drainage and irrigation, and on the basis, a distribution network operation optimization topology considering the influence of the electric drainage and irrigation load is calculated by using the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The network loss can be reduced and the operation efficiency of the power grid can be improved while the cost of electricity consumption is reduced for users.