The invention belongs to the technical field of the construction of cement fiber protective materials of soil slopes, and specifically relates to a device and a method for constructing the cement fiber protective materials, which solves the problems of quick manufacturing and construction of the novel cement fiber protective materials in slope protection engineering. The device comprises a traction laying machine, wherein the traction laying machine comprises a traction laying machine frame, a grouting roller is arranged above a bottom plate of the traction laying machine frame, a grouting pipe is arranged on the top of the front side of the traction laying machine frame, a material carrying device is arranged below the grouting pipe, an auxiliary material support device which is installedon the outer side of the traction laying machine frame is arranged below the material carrying device, a piece of three-dimensional spacer fabric composite cloth is put on the material carrying device, an equipment lifting ring is installed on the front side of the traction laying machine frame, and a walking roller is installed at the bottom of the traction laying machine frame. The device has the advantages of portability in material reshipment and low construction cost, and the construction quality and safety can be preferably guaranteed.