The invention belongs to the technical field of nano biomaterials, and particularly relates to the rare earth doped NaCeF4 near-infrared fluorescent nanoprobe and a preparation method and applicationthereof. According to the preparation method, a cerium salt, a rare earth salt and sodium oleate are used as raw materials, and a high-temperature co-precipitation method is used for obtaining the rare earth doped NaCeF4 nano material. The synthesis conditions are easy to control, the repeatability is good, the prepared nano material is granular or rod-shaped, the particle size of the material iscontrollable, the dispersibility, the uniformity and the synthesis repeatability are good. The rare earth doped NaCeF4 near-infrared fluorescence radiation is high, and is suitable for the fields of biology or medicine, and thus the prepared rare earth doped NaCeF4 nanoprobe is an ideal material for biological detection and imaging.