The invention discloses a spinning device for micro-nanofiber multilayer-structure covering yarns and a production technology of the micro-nanofiber multilayer-structure covering yarns. The spinning device comprises a yarn feeding device, a twisting device, a receiving device and a winding device, the yarn feeding device comprises a yarn core, core yarns are arranged on the yarn core, and the twisting device is composed of a first twisting roller and a second twisting roller; the core yarns are guided to the position between the first twisting roller and the second twisting roller through a yarn guiding rod and used for wrapping micro-nanofiber layers to form the covering yarns, the winding device comprises cone yarns and a winding roller, the covering yarns are pulled by the yarn guidingrod to the cone yarns, and the cone yarns are driven by the winding roller to wind up the covering yarns. According to the spinning device, conductive heating fiber filaments are adopted as the core yarns, according to wrapping fibers, two kinds of raw materials, namely PBT slices and PET slices are adopted for being mixed according to different proportions, two kinds of micro-nanofibers with different components, fineness degrees, thicknesses and filling powers are formed, and the micro-nanofiber covering yarns with multiple functions such as conductive heating, heat preservation, bacterial inhibition and breathability are formed; the micro-nanofiber multilayer-structure covering yarns are soft, comfortable, and capable of being widely applied to production of multiple kinds of textile fabrics and meeting the demand of textile product development.