The invention discloses a self-shrinkage test system of a cement-based material. The self-shrinkage test system of the cement-based material includes a base and a support plate which is fixed to the upper end face of the base, a detection box is rotatably mounted on the front end face of the support plate, a detection cavity with an upward opening is formed in the detection box, and a sealing mechanism is arranged at the opening in the upper side of the detection cavity. According to the self-shrinkage test system of the cement-based material, fine sand is adopted to detect the shrinkage amount of the cement-based material, and therefore, errors caused by using liquid are avoided; in a whole detection period, the self-shrinkage test system conducts detection at fixed intervals, after detection is finished, according to detection data obtained each time, the variation trend of the shrinkage amount of the cement-based material in the detection period can be known, and the practicabilityis improved.