The invention discloses a device and method for testing the solar radiation performance of concrete. The device comprises a test platform, a collection device and an adjustable actinometer device; thetest platform comprises a concrete test sample, a bottom supporting steel plate and a steel formwork; a thermal-insulating layer, an adjustable heating layer and a heat-preservation layer are arranged on the bottom supporting steel plate in sequence; an embedded supporting rod is arranged in the concrete test sample, and the embedded supporting rod is provided with an embedded type hygrometer anda temperature probe at intervals in the thickness direction of the concrete test sample; the adjustable actinometer device comprises a vertical supporting rod, a horizontal supporting rod and an actinometer; the actinometer is located over the concrete test sample. The easy-to-use testing device and method are provided for research associated with early solar radiation heat-absorption characteristic testing and models of concrete, and the rule of influence of age, surface relative humidity, surface type and other factors on the solar radiation absorption rate of the concrete is easily discovered.