The invention discloses a three-dimensional artificial reflection seismic data acquisition device. The device comprises a network switch, a clock server, a multi-channel seismic data acquisition master control, a seismic acquisition control server, a towrope controller, a digital seismic towrope and a seismic quality monitoring server; the network switch is used for constructing a local area network, and the clock server is used for realizing the unification of each part of clocks in the same local area network; the digital seismic towrope is used for receiving seismic source signals reflectedand refracted from a seabed or a water bottom; the towrope controller collects seismic data and sends the seismic data to the multi-channel seismic data acquisition master control; the seismic acquisition control server is used for setting and modifying working parameters of the multi-channel seismic data acquisition master control; the multi-channel seismic data acquisition master control is responsible for acquiring and recording the seismic data; the seismic quality monitoring server extracts required data information from the collected seismic data. In this way, high-density and high-resolution data acquisition and data transmission are realized.