The invention relates to a 35kV transformer substation data recording system and method based on a wireless network, and belongs to the technical field of power system automation. The system comprisesa main clock module, a management unit DMU and a plurality of recording units DTU. The main clock module is used for decoding and issuing clock information; the recording unit DTU is used for monitoring and recording a physical quantity state during line operation; each recording unit DTU realizes linkage triggering and synchronous sampling through a wireless synchronous network; the recording unit DTU is connected with the management unit DMU; and the DMU is used for summarizing and analyzing the data acquired by the DTU. On the basis of a distributed architecture of a wireless network, linkage starting, synchronous acquisition, data merging and comprehensive analysis of 35kV transformer substation data are realized, and a complete solution is provided for fault diagnosis of a 35kV transformer substation.