The invention relates to a large-scale low-energy-consumption step hydrogen storage system. The system comprises a hydrogen source, a high-pressure hydrogen storage system, a hydrogen liquefying system and a liquid hydrogen storage tank, wherein the high-pressure hydrogen storage system comprises a staged high-pressure hydrogen storage tank and a staged hydrogen compressor; the hydrogen liquefyingsystem comprises a hydrogen cooling Claude circular hydrogen liquefying system and a helium cooling Brayton circular hydrogen liquefying system; the hydrogen source is arranged at an input end of a hydrogen pipe; the hydrogen pipe is connected with a low-temperature heat exchanger in the hydrogen liquefying system and the liquid hydrogen storage tank in sequence; the hydrogen pipe is provided with a branch; and the high-pressure hydrogen storage system is arranged on the branch. The system has the following beneficial effects: for the hydrogen source with high flow fluctuation, the large-scale low-energy-consumption step hydrogen storage system uses the staged hydrogen storage system for reducing the hydrogen storage energy consumption; and through such hydrogen storage technologies as high-pressure hydrogen storage and liquid hydrogen storage, the staged hydrogen storage policy is executed, so that the hydrogen liquefication cooling energy consumption is reduced, the system design redundancy is reduced, and the large-scale efficient and stable hydrogen storage is achieved.