The invention provides an evaluation method for shear resistance and pore throat compatibility of viscoelastic particles. The evaluation method for shear resistance and pore throat compatibility of viscoelastic particles comprises the following steps: step 1, preparing a viscoelastic particle dispersion system; step 2, carrying out a shear rheological test on the viscoelastic particle dispersion system by using a capillary rheometer; step 3, performing performance evaluation on the sheared filtrate; and step 4, performing data processing to evaluate the shear resistance and pore throat compatibility of the viscoelastic particles. According to the evaluation method for shear resistance and pore throat compatibility of the viscoelastic particles in the invention, the flowing state of the viscoelastic particles penetrating through pores with different dimensions under the field condition can be truly simulated, and important significance in evaluating the injection and seepage performanceof the viscoelastic particles for displacement of reservoir oil is achieved.