The invention provides a device and a system for laying a superconducting cable. The laying device comprises at least one electric sliding rail and a cable clamp matched with the electric sliding rail. The electric sliding rail comprises a fixed sliding rail body and a movable sliding rail body slidably connected with the fixed sliding rail body; the electric sliding rail is electrically connectedwith a controller, and the electric sliding rail is configured to control the movable sliding rail body to move according to instructions of the controller. The cable clamp comprises a base, the baseis rotationally connected with the movable sliding rail body, the cable clamp further comprises a cover plate, the cover plate is detachably connected with the base, and the base and the cover plateare each provided with a groove matched with a to-be-clamped cable. The cable clamp further comprises an isolation layer, and the isolation layer is arranged in the grooves of the base and the cover plate. The laying device provided by the invention can carry out active compensation on the superconducting cable, so that a superconducting cable joint and a terminal are prevented from being greatlydamaged by contraction of the superconducting cable during liquid nitrogen infusion, and the performance of the cable is prevented from being influenced.