The invention discloses a quantum key distribution method, device and system. The method comprises the following steps: sending an instruction to each first quantum key management service terminal incommunication connection, controlling each first quantum key management service terminal to send the quantum key to a corresponding second quantum key management service terminal in communication connection; adopting the same ID storage for the same quantum key in each first quantum key management service terminal and each second quantum key management service terminal; enabling each first quantum secret key management service terminal or each second quantum secret key management service terminal to obtain quantum secret keys with the same ID to encrypt and decrypt the service data in the communication process; and sending a destroying instruction to each first quantum key management service terminal in communication connection, so that each first quantum key management service terminal in communication connection destroys the distributed quantum key. According to the invention, the quantum key is provided for different safe large-area services based on one quantum key distribution network, and the network construction and operation and maintenance costs are greatly reduced.