The invention discloses a real-time monitoring and evaluation system and method for soft mattress service status based on distributed optical fibers. During soft mattress service period, a distributedoptical fiber sensor is used for collecting and transmitting physical signals reflecting the deformation and ambient temperature of the soft mattress to an optical fiber interrogator in real time; the optical fiber interrogator is used for receiving and processing the collected physical signals, converting the physical signals into electric signals and sending the electric signals; a wireless transmission module is used for transmitting the electric signals to a terminal computer; the terminal computer is used for receiving and processing the electric signals to obtain deformation informationof the soft mattress; the terminal computer is used for evaluating the service status of the soft mattress based on the deformation information of the soft mattress, and therefore maintenance suggestions are given. According to the method in the invention, the current technical short slab for real-time monitoring and evaluation of the service status of the soft mattress can be filled, the management personnel can master the operation state of the soft mattress in real time, a promotion effect is achieved for inland river intelligent channel construction, and a reference can be provided for the development of inland river channel regulating structure service status intelligent sensing and multi-source information fusion.