The invention relates to a high-speed railway noise automatic monitoring and data management system, and belongs to the technical field of high-speed railway environment noise monitoring and management. The high-speed railway noise automatic monitoring and data management system comprises a front-end data acquisition processing system and a rear-end data management system; the front-end data acquisition processing system mainly comprises a data acquisition module, a data processing module, a data transmission module and a stable power supply module; the data acquisition module is connected with the data transmission module by the data processing module; and the rear-end data management system comprises a data management module and a database management module. According to the invention, in an unmanned case, measurement and storage on operation radiation noise of each passing high-speed train unit and railway discharge noise are implemented, and noise of each passing train unit is associated with a specific train number, so that not only can a high-speed railway noise contribution quantity be calculated out, but also high-speed train units with abnormal noise can be identified, andearly warning is provided for noise management of the train units in the service period.