The invention discloses a low-voltage distribution network adaptive electric leakage protection method based on communication; the method comprises the following steps that step 1, a wired/wireless communication mode is adopted to collect leakage current values measured at a plurality of same-level electric leakage protection positions in the same power distribution district area, the leakage current values are marked as I01, I02 until I0n respectively, and the average value of the leakage current values measured at the plurality of electric leakage protection position is calculated; step 2, adaptive setting of leakage current action constant values is carried out according to the average value of the leakage current values, and Iset0 is issued to each electric leakage protector in the step 1 in the wired/wireless communication mode; and step 3, each electric leakage protector determines whether to act or not according to the issued Iset0; when the I0i is greater than or equal to Iset,the i feeder line electric leakage protector acts; and or otherwise, the electric leakage protector does not act. Compared with the prior art, the adaptive scheme provided by the invention can still effectively prevent a situation that a plurality of electric leakage protectors perform maloperation at the same time when a plurality of electric leakage protectors at the same level generate relatively high leakage current due to factors such as severe weather and the like; and meanwhile, the adaptive scheme also has relatively high sensitivity when relatively low leakage current is generated.