The invention discloses a combined high-risk chemical treatment device based on ultrasonic waves. The combined high-risk chemical treatment device comprises a box body, a cleaning tank, an ultrasonicassembly, a power supply, a lifting type outer shell and a control assembly, wherein the box body is of a hollow structure, and an opening is formed above the box body; the cleaning tank is arranged in the opening above the box body; the ultrasonic assembly comprises an ultrasonic vibration plate and an ultrasonic cleaning rod which are used for providing ultrasonic waves to the sunken type cleaning tank; the power supply is arranged inside the box body and is used for providing electric energy to the ultrasonic assembly; the lifting type outer shell is matched with the box body and is arranged outside the box body in a sleeving mode, moreover, the lifting type outer shell is movably connected to the box body, and a sealed cavity is formed between the box body and the lifting type outer shell; and the control assembly is used for controlling a treatment device. The high-risk chemical treatment device has the advantages that the structure is compact, the space can be saved, the internalsealing cavity enables cleaning to be safe and reliable, different ultrasonic cleaning modes can be freely selected and set, the operation adaptability is wider, the generated poisonous and harmful gas can be detected, alarmed and treated, and polluting gases can be avoided to the environment.