The invention discloses a method for predicting processing energy consumption, carbon emission and cost of a composite material solid rocket cabin based on characteristics. The method comprises the following steps: 1) extracting geometrical characteristics of the rocket cabin section; 2) according to the geometrical characteristics, establishing a mapping relationship from the geometrical characteristics to the manufacturing characteristics; 3) determining auxiliary evaluation characteristics for environmental emission and production cost, wherein the auxiliary evaluation characteristics comprise different types of equivalent carbon emission coefficients and different types of unit cost; 4) performing energy consumption prediction according to the geometrical characteristics and the manufacturing characteristics; 5) performing carbon emission prediction according to the geometrical characteristics and the manufacturing characteristics; and 6) performing production cost prediction according to the geometrical characteristics and the manufacturing characteristics. The method can predict the energy consumption, the carbon emission and the cost based on the geometrical characteristics,and can predict the indexes according to the geometrical characteristics of the product before the product is processed, so as to guide the development of the product and the improvement of the processing process.