A bidirectional hybrid DC circuit breaker based on capacitor pre-charge transfer and a breaking method are disclosed. The DC circuit breaker includes a main current circuit, a breaking freewheeling branch, a current transfer branch, an overvoltage limit branch, an online monitoring system, a control system, an outlet terminal C1 and an outlet terminal C2. The main current circuit, the breaking freewheeling branch, the current transfer branch and the overvoltage limit branch are connected in parallel and are led out by the outlet terminal C1 and the outlet terminal C2. The two ends of the breaking freewheeling branch are connected in parallel to the two ends of the main current circuit. The breaking freewheeling branch includes a semi-controlled power semiconductor device VT1 and a semi-controlled power semiconductor device VT2 which are reversely connected in parallel, and the two semiconductor devices constitute a branch and are then connected in parallel with the main current circuit. The DC circuit breaker has the abilities of bidirectional conduction, fast recovery of fracture insulation and simultaneous and fast breaking of a short-circuit high current and a low current (suchas a rated current), and can be applied to a DC power supply system having the ability of two-way current flow and requiring fast and reliable breaking of currents of different magnitudes.