The invention provides a cervical vertebra pillow and a design method and device thereof, and a computer readable storage medium. An X-ray film of the cervical vertebra head of a customizer and an optical scanning file containing the cervical vertebra head are acquired. The X-ray film and the file are imported to three-dimensional modeling software; an original cervical vertebra curvature is acquired by measurement; when being normal, the original cervical vertebra curvature is kept; when being abnormal, the original cervical vertebra curvature is adjusted to the normal cervical vertebra curvature in one step or by stages; the circle center is determined according to the adjusted cervical vertebra curvature; and the cervical vertebra radian and the like of a neck pillow area are determinedby combining with the circle center, the X-ray film of the cervical vertebra head of the customizer and the optical scanning file containing the cervical vertebra head. A three-dimensional model of the cervical vertebra pillow is acquired through modeling, wherein the three-dimensional model of the cervical vertebra pillow is formed by 3D printing of a flexible material. The personalized design can be carried out according to the cervical vertebra conditions of different customizers, so that the physiological curvatures of the customizers can be completely fitted, and the personalized, precise and customized treatment can be realized.