The invention provides a multi-inlet or multi-outlet centralized parallel arrangement structure for a fishway. The multi-inlet or multi-outlet centralized parallel arrangement structure comprises a plurality of fishway inlets (outlets), a gate opening and closing and transporting system, a transporting track, fishway inlets (outlets) gate storage gate slots, a matched fishway, fishway inlets (outlets) gates and a retaining breast wall. The fishway inlets (outlets) are parallelly formed in a centralized manner and are successively formed along the matched fishway according to operating water levels, the fishway inlets (outlets) gates and the fishway inlets (outlets) gates are arranged separately, the fishway inlets (outlets) gates and the fishway inlets (outlets) gates are arranged along the transporting track, and related fishway inlets (outlets) gates are opened and closed automatically according to a set operating water level interval under different fishway operating water levels, so that the flow rates of water flows at the fishway inlets (outlets) meet fish luring conditions. The multi-inlet or multi-outlet centralized parallel arrangement structure is small in arrangement range, compact in structure, small in interference to a main body project, convenient to operate and maintain and small in construction cost, and can fit large-amplitude operating water levels.