The invention discloses a construction method of a miR155 overexpression mouse tongue squamous cell cancer model. According to the method, a miR155 gene is overexpressed first in a mouse body, and then a mouse is fed with a 4NQO solution for more than 10 weeks to obtain the tongue squamous cell cancer model. Compared with an existing TSCC animal model, the model has stable representation and can successfully induce the precancerous lesion of the mouse in a short time, truly simulate the dynamic change process of the occurrence and development of a tongue squamous cell cancer tumor and serve asan ideal model for researching the molecular mechanism of the occurrence and development of tongue squamous cell cancer, screening of molecular targets for diagnosis and treatment and exploring of anew treatment method. In addition, the construction method of the model is simple and feasible, the tumor-forming latent period is short, the modeling accuracy is high, the repeatability is high, themodeling success rate reaches 95.0% or above, and the model has a great application and popularization value in screening medicaments for treating tongue squamous cell cancer.