The invention relates to a rectangular working well in a water-rich stratum and preinstalling with a pipe-jacking door opening and a sliding-moving type rear-leaning wall and a construction method ofthe rectangular working well. The construction method specifically comprises the following steps that (1) functional requirement design of the rectangular pipe-jacking working well is conduced; (2) maintenance structure open caisson construction of the rectangular pipe-jacking working well is conducted; (3) temporary limb protective structure construction is conducted; (4) in-well earth excavationis conducted; (5) bottom sealing of the rectangular pipe-jacking working well is conducted, and a sliding-moving type rail, a pulling ring and a rear-leaning wall anchoring part are pre-embedded; (6)a crawling well for entering into the rectangular pipe-jacking working well is mounted; (7) seam leakage treatment is conducted; (8) cave opening water-stop pressing plate mounting is conducted; (9)sliding-moving rear-leaning wall construction is conducted; (10) preinstalling door opening top sandwich concrete board wall lifting is conducted; and (11) pipe-jacking jacking construction is conducted. According to the rectangular working well and the construction method, the established structure system has the advantages that the functions are clear and definite, safety, fastness and convenience are achieved, and design is ingenious, especially, the problems that in the process of pipe-jacking in the water-rich stratum penetrating through the well wall, outburst of water and sand gushing safe hazards, and single well multi-direction pipe jacking construction are solved, and a novel method is provided for trenchless construction of underground pipelines such as hydraulic engineering, municipal administration, heating power and communication.