The invention discloses an urban power distribution network power supply capacity potential tapping method based on line load recombination, and relates to the field of power distribution. At present,measures for improving the power supply capacity of the urban power distribution network are usually newly building or changing interconnection switches and newly building lines, and the method aggravates the problems that the utilization rate of existing power grid equipment is generally low and a large number of pipeline resources are occupied in the power consumption valley period. The methodcomprises the following steps: 1, acquiring historical load data of a looped network line of an area to be optimized; 2, screening a potential target line; 3, determining a topological relation of a target line; 4, acquiring distribution transformer load historical data; 5, grouping and associating load data; 6, carrying out recombination optimization, and calculating comprehensive indexes of a recombination scheme; and 7, comparing the potential tapping index values of the recombination schemes to generate transformation candidate schemes. According to the technical scheme, the load distribution points of the bus and the interval on the line are optimized and recombined, the load peak value and volatility of the line are reduced by utilizing load peak shifting complementation equilibriumoptimization, and the available power supply capacity of the power distribution network is improved.