The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy resource reutilization and particularly relates to an efficient resource utilization method of converter steel slag. According to the efficient resource utilization method of the converter steel slag, the converter steel slag in the molten state is oxidized, so that the mass fraction of FeO in the steel slag is lowered; then, the steel slag and an aqueous solution are mixed, so that pulp is obtained, and acid leaching is conducted with an inorganic acid solution; by controlling the pH value of the pulp to be 2.0-3.0, dicalcium silicatecontaining phosphorus in the steel slag is dissolved out and separated; after solid-solution separation, the pH value of the leaching solution is adjusted to be 7.5-8.5, phosphate in the leaching solution is made to deposit and is recycled as a high-value phosphorus resource, and residues existing after acid leaching are used as a metallurgy flux to be used in ferrous metallurgy. By the adoptionof the efficient resource utilization method of the converter steel slag, efficient extraction and recycling of the phosphorus in the converter steel slag are achieved at a low cost, the resides withphosphorus being removed are recycled in an iron and steel enterprise, a phosphorus resource is obtained at the same time, potential value of valuable ingredients in the steel slag is fully developedand utilized, the environment-friendly metallurgy process is established, and huge economic benefits are created.