The invention discloses a pulse excitation type wireless acoustic wave sensor system for blood glucose monitoring. The pulse excitation type wireless acoustic wave sensor system comprises a signal excitation unit, a detection unit and a signal processing unit, wherein the signal excitation unit comprises a high-frequency pulse excitation generator, a radio frequency analog switch, an excitation coil and an impedance adjusting network; the detection unit comprises a quartz crystal oscillation piece coated with a hydrogel film on the surface, a receiving coil and a reaction container; and the signal processing unit comprises a filter amplifier, an oscilloscope and a PC. The invention provides a method for implantable wireless in-vivo blood glucose detection, the experimental operation is simple, the influence of fructose on glucose concentration is avoided, the selectivity is improved, and the method is helpful for helping diabetic patients to monitor blood glucose and predict the incidence of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia.