The invention discloses an Ethernet physical layer-based substation equipment detection device. The device includes a digital processing unit, an industrial control computer connected with the digitalprocessing unit, an Ethernet physical detection unit, a clock frequency division unit, an intelligent communication unit, and a GPS module unit, a rubidium-atomic-clock clock module, an analog quantity collection unit, an analog quantity output unit and a switch input/output unit connected with the clock frequency division unit. The clock frequency division unit is connected with the Ethernet physical detection unit. The device is an automated and integrated on-site detection device applied to substation equipment function and performance detection demand, and can be used for Ethernet-physical-layer and analog-quantity-physical-layer response time detection of protection devices, measurement and control devices, intelligent terminals and the like of substations.