The invention provides a high-pressure pneumatic conveying system for powdery materials. The high-pressure pneumatic conveying system for the powdery materials comprises an air source system, a continuous feeding, pressurizing and conveying system, a receiving bin system and a control system, wherein the air source system comprises a high-pressure air storage tank, a high-pressure air source pipeline, a pressure adjusting valve bank, a first pressure detection device and a second pressure detection device; the continuous feeding, pressurizing and conveying system comprises a high-pressure airsource pipeline, a conveying tank, a feeding, pressurizing and rotating device, a third pressure detection device, a pressurizing control valve and a high-pressure conveying pipeline; the receiving bin system comprises a receiving tank, a filtering device, an exhaust control valve, a silencing device, a fourth pressure detection device and an unloading control valve; and the control system comprises an upper monitor, a PLC control system and a local control box. The equipment disclosed by the invention is simple in arrangement, and is directly pressurized to the pressure of 1-5 Mpa by the feeding, pressurizing and rotating device under a blowing pump, so that continuous high-pressure conveying is realized, the equipment cost is reduced, and the conveying efficiency is improved.