A rapid refrigerating device for a low-temperature stretching process is composed of a tank body, a spout, a bottom cover and a slotted hole, internal threads are arranged at the bottom of the tank body, and external threads are arranged on the bottom cover. The tank body is connected with the bottom cover by screwing the bottom cover on the internal threads of the tank body through the external threads, the spout and the tank body are connected together in a welding manner, and the slotted hole is formed on the bottom cover. The size and the shape of the slotted hole can be designed accordingto the size of a tensile sample, and the slotted hole and the tensile sample are bonded through an adhesive. The device is simple in structure and is convenient to operate, can be matched with a stretcher for use on the basis of not changing the original structure of the stretcher, does not need to modify the original structure of the stretcher, and saves the cost. Meanwhile, the refrigeration requirements of the tensile samples with different sizes can be met, different refrigerants can be added into the device according to the experiment requirements, and the different low-temperature environments are created, so that the problem of rapid refrigeration during the low-temperature tensile experiment process is well solved, and the device has very high generalization performance.