The invention discloses a method for rapidly and efficiently detecting trace p-phenylenediamine. The method specifically comprises the following steps of dissolving cotton cellulose to prepare a regenerated cellulose membrane; selectively oxidizing hydroxyls on the regenerated cellulose membrane into aldehyde groups by adopting sodium periodate; and carrying out a two-step Schiff base reaction toprepare a solid-phase fluorescence detection membrane of each system for emitting yellow fluorescence, wherein the solid-phase fluorescence detection membrane is used for qualitative analysis and quantitative detection of the phenylenediamine. The method has the advantages of simplicity and quickness, high sensitivity and good selectivity.