The invention provides a method for determining control factors of cathode luminescence intensity of carbonate minerals. The method comprises the steps of: obtaining a mineral sample to be measured, and grinding the mineral sample to be measured into a double-face sliced sheet sample with a predetermined thickness; circling the position of a point to be measured on the sheet sample, observing thecathode luminescence condition of the position of the point to be measured of the sheet sample through a cathode luminescence microscope, and determining the point to be measured and the cathode luminescence intensity of the point to be measured according to the cathode luminescence condition and the position of the point to be measured; detecting the content of a trace rare earth element of the point to be measured in the sheet sample through an ion mass-spectrometer, and obtaining the content data of the trace rare earth element; obtaining a quantitative relation between the cathode luminescence intensity and the content of the trace rare earth element according to the cathode luminescence intensity of the point to be measured and the content data of the trace rare earth element; and obtaining the control factors of the cathode luminescence intensity of the sheet sample according to the quantitative relation.