The invention provides a natural gas dehydration device for shale gas production test operation. The natural gas dehydration device comprises a first gas-liquid separation unit, a throttling cooling unit and a second gas-liquid separation unit, wherein the first gas-liquid separation unit, the throttling cooling unit and the second gas-liquid separation unit are sequentially connected in the flowing direction of natural gas; the first gas-liquid separation unit can perform first gas-liquid separation on high-temperature fluid produced by a shale gas well to obtain high-temperature natural gascontaining highly saturated water; the throttling cooling unit can perform throttling cooling on the high-temperature natural gas to obtain low-temperature natural gas containing water; and the secondgas-liquid separation unit can perform secondary gas-liquid separation on the low-temperature natural gas containing the water to obtain deeply dehydrated natural gas. The natural gas dehydration device has the beneficial effects that the shale gas produced by the gas well is effectively cooled, and meanwhile, the water rich in the shale gas can be effectively reduced.