The invention discloses a comprehensive utilization method of nitrobenzene tar and aniline wastewater. According to the method, the nitrobenzene tar is used as an extraction agent so as to extract aniline in the aniline wastewater, and additionally, the nitrobenzene tar is washed in the aniline wastewater so as to remove phenoxide from the tar; the concentration of the aniline in the extracted wastewater is less than 100 mg/L, the extracted wastewater is used for neutralizing the washing of nitrobenzene, the concentration of nitrophenol in the tar is less than 2 mg/L, and the tar is used for refining and recycling the nitrobenzene. The comprehensive utilization method has the advantages of simplicity in operation and low investment and operation cost and has an obvious economic value.