The invention relates to the technical field of connection of fabricated buildings in civil engineering, and particularly discloses a shock-absorbing rear-anchored type fabricated column-foundation connection device. The shock-absorbing rear-anchored type fabricated column-foundation connection device comprises an upper prefabricated part, a lower pre-buried part arranged in a foundation, and post-cast concrete; the upper prefabricated part comprises a prefabricated column and an upper positioning plate, the lower pre-buried part comprises foundation steel bars, a lower positioning plate and anchor bolts, and the upper positioning plate and the lower positioning plate are connected through the anchor bolts; and dampers are connected between the middles of the four sides of the bottom faceof the prefabricated column and the side face of the foundation. According to the shock-absorbing rear-anchored type fabricated column-foundation connection device, the anti-shear ability of the bottom of the concrete prefabricated column is improved, the overall anti-seismic performance is also improved, the safety of a building is ensured, and the shock-absorbing rear-anchored type fabricated column-foundation connection device is suitable for connection of concrete prefabricated columns and foundations of various specifications.