The invention discloses a method for screening faults of a power transmission and distribution line after typhoon disasters. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, setting a flight route ofa fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle and corresponding parameters; step 2, using a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle for carrying a visible light camera to obtain high-resolution visible light pictures of the ground of a path through which the fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle passes and a power transmission line; step 3, after cruising of the fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle is finished, observing the picture obtained in the step 2 and judging whether a suspicious fault area is generated or not; step 4, using the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle for carrying a multispectral infrared thermal imaging camera to shoot infrared pictures and visible light pictures of towers and/or wires in a suspicious fault area at a short distance; and step 5, judging whether a fault point exists in the suspicious fault area or not according to the infrared picture and the visible light picture in the step 4. The method has the advantage that the faults of the power transmission and distribution line after typhoon weather can be screened quickly and accurately.