The invention discloses a corrosion-resistant superfine pearlite material added with rare earth Ce and Nb elements. The material comprises, by weight, 0.85-1.1% of C, 0.9-1.2% of Mn, 0.7-0.9% of Si, 0.3-0.5% of Cr, 0.2-0.5% of Cu, 0.02-0.04% of Nb, 0.02-0.05% of Ce, 0.02-0.04% of P, 0-0.003% of S and the balance iron and impurities. A hypereutectoid steel rail prepared from the corrosion-resistantsuperfine pearlite material is of a nano-scale pearlite lamellar structure, the distance between layers is about 62-83 nm, and the steel rail has excellent toughness, hardness and corrosion resistance and is more suitable for a high-speed heavy-load railway line.