The invention discloses a traffic lighting system based on weather visibility change. The traffic lighting system comprises a lampshade, wherein a guide slide cavity is formed in the lampshade; a monitoring system is arranged in the guide slide cavity; the monitoring system can monitor the weather visibility in real time; the lower end of the lampshade is rotationally connected with a box body; alighting system is arranged in the box body; and lighting lamps are arranged in the lighting system in a bilaterally symmetrical manner. The traffic lighting system has the advantages that LEDs and high voltage sodium lamps can be switched by monitoring the weather visibility; in high-visibility weather, only the LEDs are used for lighting, so that the energy source consumption can be reduced; andin low-visibility weather, such as rainy weather and foggy weather, the high voltage sodium lamps are switched for lighting, so that the lighting penetrability can be improved, and the required lighting intensity is guaranteed.