The invention discloses an SFLA-based electric vehicle and power grid energy exchange optimization method, which can solve the technical problems of relatively high operation cost and overlarge powergrid load fluctuation of the current electric vehicle charging mode. The method comprises the following steps of: S100, determining an energy exchange mode between an electric vehicle charging stationand the power grid, S200, based on the energy exchange mode, establishing an electric vehicle charging station energy exchange optimization model, and S300, determining an energy exchange optimization control step based on SFLA on the basis of the electric vehicle charging station energy exchange optimization model. Through establishing the charging station vehicle-grid energy exchange mode optimization mode and making an optimization control strategy, a certain role is played in extending the social benefit of the electric vehicle charging station, transferring the potential of the electricvehicle battery by combining a V2G technology and adjusting the load peak valley of the power grid, the construction cost of the charging station can be balanced to a certain extent, and the operationeconomy of the power grid is improved.