The invention relates to an elastic tree climbing machine. The elastic tree climbing machine comprises a machine frame; the machine frame is designed to be an arc-shaped structure larger than a semicircle; a balancing mechanism, a driving wheel mechanism and an automatic adjusting wheel mechanism are arranged on the machine frame at intervals; the balancing mechanism comprises a balancing wheel base and a balancing wheel; the balancing wheel base is arranged on the machine frame; the balancing wheel is movably arranged on the balancing wheel base; the driving wheel mechanism comprises a driving wheel base, an electromotor and a driving wheel; the driving wheel base and the electromotor are arranged on the machine frame; the driving wheel is movably arranged on the driving wheel base; the electromotor is connected with the driving wheel through a transmission mechanism; the automatic adjusting wheel mechanism comprises a support, a movable shaft, an adjusting wheel and a spring; the support is arranged on the machine frame; the support is movably connected with the movable shaft; the adjusting wheel is movably arranged at one end of the movable shaft; and one end of the spring is connected with the support and the other end of the spring is arranged on the movable shaft. The elastic tree climbing machine solves the problem that the tree climbing machine is stuck or slips becausethe tree climbing machine cannot automatically adjust the tree clamping diameter in the tree climbing process.