The invention discloses an oxygen-enriched pulverized coal burner and a combustion method based on suction injection. The burner comprises a primary air duct, an adjusting air duct, a pre-combustion chamber and a spout. The primary air duct and the adjusting air duct are eccentrically arranged at the inlet end of the pre-combustion chamber. The pre-combustion chamber is disposed at the inlet end of the spout and is coaxially disposed with the spout. A pure oxygen pipeline is also arranged at the inlet end of the spout, and is arranged on the outer side of the pre-combustion chamber. An outer sleeve type of the pure oxygen pipeline is provided with a circulating flue gas pipeline. The primary air carrying the pulverized coal is introduced into the pre-combustion chamber through the primaryair duct to form an eccentric jet and a partial suction. The adjusting air is introduced into the adjusting air duct, so that the pulverized coal is partially pyrolyzed and combusted in the pre-combustion chamber to form the mixed fuel wind to enter the spout. Under the condition that the high-speed pure oxygen is wrapped by the circulating flue gas, the combustion of the mixed fuel wind is delayed, and the flue gas entrapment in the furnace is formed to reduce he peak value of the flame temperature. The oxygen-enriched pulverized coal burner has the advantages of promoting the combustion of the pulverized coal and ensuring the safety of the heated surface.