The invention provides a soil liquid light hydrocarbon field in-situ collection device and method. The device comprises a drill bit component, a drill rod component and a handle component and furthercomprises a power supply device and a sealed container; the drill bit component comprises a sampling drill bit cylinder, a tapered helical piece, a heating element and an adsorption material; a soil sample obtained through sampling is contained in the sampling drill bit cylinder, and the power supply device is electrically connected with the heating element arranged along the inner wall of the sampling drill bit cylinder through a connecting power line arranged in the handle component and the drill rod component so as to heat the soil sample to desorb and gasify liquid light hydrocarbon in thesoil sample; the adsorption material is arranged above the sampling drill bit cylinder and used for adsorbing the gasified liquid light hydrocarbon; and the tapered helical piece is arranged above the adsorption material, helical blades are arranged on the outer wall of the tapered helical piece, and isolation of the soil sample and upper atmosphere can be realized. Through the collection deviceand method, in-situ maximum extraction of C<5>-C<16> hydrocarbon in soil is realized, and effective geochemical indexes can be provided for oil-gas exploration.