The invention discloses an MALDI-TOF-MS-based high-throughput analysis method for single-particle capsule drug. The method comprises the following steps: applying a sample of a drug main component standard substance solution on a target plate, drying, carrying out matrix sample application, and carrying out MALDI-TOF-MS analysis detection; adhering drug particles in a to-be-detected capsule to thetarget plate through a conductive double faced adhesive tape, and directly performing MALDI-TOF-MS analysis and detection; and identifying the authenticity of the to-be-detected capsule by comparingthe drug particles of the to-be-detected capsule with a MALDI-TOF-MS graph of the drug main component standard substance. When the MALDI-TOF-MS method is adopted for detecting the single-particle medicine, matrix is not used, pretreatment is not carried out, detection is directly carried out, use of an organic solvent is avoided to the maximum extent, and due to the fact that a complex pretreatment process is not needed, the analysis and detection time is greatly shortened.