The invention relates to a high-rise upright tower anti-thunder grounding structure based on tower wave impedance analysis in a thunderstrike and a high-rise upright tower multi-segment impedance analysis method. Compared with the prior art, the defect that the anti-thunder requirement on a high-rise straight-line tower cannot be met is solved. According to the structure, two tower feet located atone side of an incoming line side transverse supporting pipe frame are connected with two vertexes of the incoming line side transverse supporting pipe frame through grounding downleads respectively,and two tower feet located at one side of an outgoing line side transverse supporting pipe frame are connected with two vertexes of the outgoing line side transverse supporting pipe frame through grounding downleads respectively. Through the design of the additional downleads, tower body wave impedance of the high-rise straight-line tower is reduced, the thunder resisting level of the high-rise straight-line tower is raised, the thunder back-flashover trip-out rate of a transmission line by use of the high-rise straight-line tower is lowered, and the structure is particularly suitable for thetransmission line provided with the high-rise straight-line tower in a thunder damaged area.