The invention discloses a method and a system for recognizing noise of a main sound source in a converter station. The method comprises the following steps of acquiring spectral data of a to-be-recognized noise signal; calculating parameter information of a characteristic timbre parameter of the spectral data; and comparing the parameter information of the characteristic timbre parameter with noise recognition criteria to recognize the to-be-recognized noise signal. According to the recognition method, based on the spectral characteristic timbre parameter in acoustics, information contained innoise data is deeply mined, spectral characteristics of the noise data are fully utilized, corresponding characteristic frequency bands are selected, and recognition of the noise signal is completed,so that the recognition accuracy and the recognition speed are greatly improved; and the method has a significant engineering significance for environmental assessment angle planning, design and running of the converter station.