The invention discloses a method and device for identifying a distribution network topology based on edge computing. The method includes: acquiring multi-source data, and verifying the multi-source data according to a verification rule to generate an initial topological relationship; performing cluster analysis on a distribution transformer acquired voltage value, identifying abnormal data, correcting the abnormal data and generating a topological relationship after the edge computing; building a voltage correlation coefficient matrix based on the solution result of a node voltage, obtaining acorrelation coefficient, and acquiring the final distribution network topological relationship based on the correlation coefficient and the topological relationship. According to the identification method in the embodiment of the present invention, the distribution network topological relationship can be accurately identified based on the edge computing, the correctness of the topological connection relationship of the distribution network can be improved, the use experience can be improved, and the demand for use can be satisfied.