The invention discloses a multi-factor aging test platform of an O-shaped sealing ring and an aging test method. The aging test platform comprises an aging tank, an intelligent aging box and an over-temperature protector, wherein the intelligent aging box and the over-temperature protector support and match the aging tank. The aging tank comprises at least one flange group, a base and a top cover;a sealing groove for mounting an O-shaped sealing ring is formed in the flange group. The intelligent aging box includes a box body, a power switch, a heating system, a salt spray system, an air blowing system and a control system. The over-temperature protector includes a temperature measuring probe connected with the over-temperature protector; and the over-temperature protector is arranged between the intelligent aging box and an external power supply. The test platform is simple in structure and is safe in operation. A plurality of O-shaped sealing rings can be aged simultaneously under multi-factor conditions of heat, extrusion, sealed gas, humidity, salt, surface coatings and the like; after aging, the leakage rates of the O-shaped sealing rings can be measured under the condition that the O-shaped sealing rings and flanges are not separated after aging; and the multi-factor aging test platform has the important significance in predicting the service life of the O-shaped sealingring.