The invention provides a screening culture method of alcaligenes faecalis phenol subspecies. The method comprises the following steps of collecting a sample; adding organic matters, various types of water-based drilling fluid additives and a nitrogen source into a sample to obtain a mixture, adjusting the water content of the mixture, culturing the mixture at 25-32 DEG C, improving the concentration of each water-based drilling fluid additive, and performing acclimation to obtain a mixture containing degradation efficient bacteria; separating and purifying the mixture containing the degradation high-efficiency bacteria; respectively preparing culture solutions containing one of the multiple types of water-based drilling fluid additives, inoculating the purified strains in each culture solution, measuring the degradation amount of the additives contained in each culture solution, and selecting the strains with higher degradation amounts of the water-based drilling fluid additives in each culture solution to obtain the alcaligenes faecalis phenol subspecies. The screening culture method disclosed by the invention is simple and effective, and the strains capable of simultaneously degrading various drilling fluid additives such as sulfonated lignite, sulfonated phenolic resin, PMA, CMC and the like can be screened and cultured.