The invention discloses a method for dividing harmonic responsibilities of a distribution network resistant to short-circuit fault interference, and the method comprises the following steps of firstlyanalyzing the interference characteristics of short-circuit faults in the distribution network to the fundamental wave monitoring data of a public connection point, and proposing a data identification and elimination process under fault interference of each sub-harmonic based on the characteristics; calculating each sub equivalent harmonic transmission impedance between the harmonic sources and the node of interest and each sub background harmonic voltage at the node of interest by establishing each sub harmonic responsibility distribution model of a plurality of distributed harmonic sourcesin the distribution network, and calculating each sub harmonic responsibility of each harmonic source at the node of interest by further using harmonic voltage component projection. Therefore, each sub harmonic responsibility of each harmonic source at the node of interest can be effectively divided based on the three-phase voltage and current data measured at each public connection point and thenode of interest.